Self-Powered Biosensors for Monitoring Human Physiological Changes

Author:

Xue Ziao12,Wu Li12,Yuan Junlin12,Xu Guodong1,Wu Yuxiang12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Health and Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China

2. Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China

Abstract

Human physiological signals have an important role in the guidance of human health or exercise training and can usually be divided into physical signals (electrical signals, blood pressure, temperature, etc.) and chemical signals (saliva, blood, tears, sweat). With the development and upgrading of biosensors, many sensors for monitoring human signals have appeared. These sensors are characterized by softness and stretching and are self-powered. This article summarizes the progress in self-powered biosensors in the past five years. Most of these biosensors are used as nanogenerators and biofuel batteries to obtain energy. A nanogenerator is a kind of generator that collects energy at the nanoscale. Due to its characteristics, it is very suitable for bioenergy harvesting and sensing of the human body. With the development of biological sensing devices, the combination of nanogenerators and classical sensors so that they can more accurately monitor the physiological state of the human body and provide energy for biosensor devices has played a great role in long-range medical care and sports health. A biofuel cell has a small volume and good biocompatibility. It is a device in which electrochemical reactions convert chemical energy into electrical energy and is mostly used for monitoring chemical signals. This review analyzes different classifications of human signals and different forms of biosensors (implanted and wearable) and summarizes the sources of self-powered biosensor devices. Self-powered biosensor devices based on nanogenerators and biofuel cells are also summarized and presented. Finally, some representative applications of self-powered biosensors based on nanogenerators are introduced.

Funder

National Key R&D Program of China

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Science and Technology Project of Jianghan University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Clinical Biochemistry,General Medicine,Analytical Chemistry,Biotechnology,Instrumentation,Biomedical Engineering,Engineering (miscellaneous)

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