Comparative Evaluation of Viscosity, Density and Ultrasonic Velocity Using Deviation Modelling for Ethyl-Alcohol Based Binary Mixtures

Abstract

This study reports the comparative deviations in experimental viscosity, density and ultrasonic velocity of two new ethanol-based binary liquid mixtures (ethanol + 1-hexanol and ethanol + 1-octanol) at 303.15 K by applying various theoretical models (Hind relation (ηH), Kendall and Monroe relation (ηK-M), Bingham relation (ηB), Arrhenius–Eyring relation (ηAE), Croenauer-Rothfus Kermore relation (ηCRK) and Gambrill relation (ηG)). Typically, the experimental densities are compared with theoretical methods like the Mchaweh–Nasrifar–Mashfeghian model (ρMNM), Hankinson and Thomson model (ρHT), Yamada and Gunn model (ρYG) and Reid et al. (ρR) model. Additionally, the experimental ultrasonic velocities are compared with various theoretical models like the Nomoto relation (UN), Van Dael and Vangeel relation (UIMR), Impedance relation (UIR), Rao’s specific velocity relation (UR) and Junjie relation (UJ). The average percentage of deviation (APD) is determined to identify the most suited model that can closely agree to the experimental values of the specified property (viscosity, density and ultrasonic velocity). From the APD values, it may be concluded that the ηK-M model is the most suitable theoretical method for estimating the viscosity for the ethanol + 1-hexanol system, and the Gambrill model is the suitable method for estimating viscosity for ethanol + 1-octanol liquid systems. Similarly, the model of Reid et al. and Jungie’s relation are the most suited theoretical models to predict the density and ultrasonic velocity of the binary liquid systems, respectively. Form the experimental data, various molecular interaction properties like adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, free volume, internal pressure, and viscous relaxation time are analysed. The results of this study are expected to be useful in predicting the suitable molecular proportions that can be suited for industrial application (flavouring additive, insecticide, in the manufacture of antiseptics, perfumes for 1-hexanol based mixtures and flavouring, and as an antifoaming agent for 1-octanol based liquid mixtures).