1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
2. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Centre for Pavement and Transportation Technology (CPATT), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
3. Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L7, Canada