One Health Surveillance Highlights Circulation of Viruses with Zoonotic Potential in Bats, Pigs, and Humans in Viet Nam
Author:
Latinne Alice12ORCID, Nga Nguyen Thi Thanh1, Long Nguyen Van1, Ngoc Pham Thi Bich1, Thuy Hoang Bich1, Long Nguyen Van3, Long Pham Thanh3ORCID, Phuong Nguyen Thanh4, Quang Le Tin Vinh4, Tung Nguyen3, Nam Vu Sinh5, Duoc Vu Trong5, Thinh Nguyen Duc5, Schoepp Randal6, Ricks Keersten6, Inui Ken7, Padungtod Pawin7ORCID, Johnson Christine K.8, Mazet Jonna A. K.8, Walzer Chris29ORCID, Olson Sarah H.2ORCID, Fine Amanda E.12ORCID,
Affiliation:
1. Wildlife Conservation Society, Viet Nam Country Program, Hanoi 11111, Viet Nam 2. Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, NY 10460, USA 3. Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Development of Viet Nam, Hanoi 11519, Viet Nam 4. Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Ho Chi Minh City 72106, Viet Nam 5. National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ministry of Health, Hanoi 11611, Viet Nam 6. Diagnostic Systems Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA 7. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Country Office for Viet Nam, Hanoi 11112, Viet Nam 8. One Health Institute, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA 9. Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Abstract
A One Health cross-sectoral surveillance approach was implemented to screen biological samples from bats, pigs, and humans at high-risk interfaces for zoonotic viral spillover for five viral families with zoonotic potential in Viet Nam. Over 1600 animal and human samples from bat guano harvesting sites, natural bat roosts, and pig farming operations were tested for coronaviruses (CoVs), paramyxoviruses, influenza viruses, filoviruses and flaviviruses using consensus PCR assays. Human samples were also tested using immunoassays to detect antibodies against eight virus groups. Significant viral diversity, including CoVs closely related to ancestors of pig pathogens, was detected in bats roosting at the human–animal interfaces, illustrating the high risk for CoV spillover from bats to pigs in Viet Nam, where pig density is very high. Season and reproductive period were significantly associated with the detection of bat CoVs, with site-specific effects. Phylogeographic analysis indicated localized viral transmission among pig farms. Our limited human sampling did not detect any known zoonotic bat viruses in human communities living close to the bat cave and harvesting bat guano, but our serological assays showed possible previous exposure to Marburg virus-like (Filoviridae), Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever virus-like (Bunyaviridae) viruses and flaviviruses. Targeted and coordinated One Health surveillance helped uncover this viral pathogen emergence hotspot.
Funder
United States Agency for International Development
Subject
Virology,Infectious Diseases
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