Zika Virus: A Neurotropic Warrior against High-Grade Gliomas—Unveiling Its Potential for Oncolytic Virotherapy
Author:
Calderón-Peláez María-Angélica1ORCID, Maradei Anaya Silvia1, Bedoya-Rodríguez Ingrid2, González-Ipuz Karol2ORCID, Vera-Palacios Daniela2, Buitrago Isabella2, Castellanos Jaime1ORCID, Velandia-Romero Myriam1
Affiliation:
1. Virology Group, Vice-Chancellor of Research, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia 2. Semillero ViroLogic 2020–2022, Virology Group, Vice-Chancellor of Research, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá 110121, Colombia
Abstract
Gliomas account for approximately 75–80% of all malignant primary tumors in the central nervous system (CNS), with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) considered the deadliest. Despite aggressive treatment involving a combination of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgical intervention, patients with GBM have limited survival rates of 2 to 5 years, accompanied by a significant decline in their quality of life. In recent years, novel management strategies have emerged, such as immunotherapy, which includes the development of vaccines or T cells with chimeric antigen receptors, and oncolytic virotherapy (OVT), wherein wild type (WT) or genetically modified viruses are utilized to selectively lyse tumor cells. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that the Zika virus (ZIKV) can infect glioma cells and induce a robust oncolytic activity. Consequently, interest in exploring this virus as a potential oncolytic virus (OV) for high-grade gliomas has surged. Given that ZIKV actively circulates in Colombia, evaluating its neurotropic and oncolytic capabilities holds considerable national and international importance, as it may emerge as an alternative for treating highly complex gliomas. Therefore, this literature review outlines the generalities of GBM, the factors determining ZIKV’s specific tropism for nervous tissue, and its oncolytic capacity. Additionally, we briefly present the progress in preclinical studies supporting the use of ZIKV as an OVT for gliomas.
Funder
Universidad El Bosque
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