Synthesis, Crystal Structure, DFT Studies and Optical/Electrochemical Properties of Two Novel Heteroleptic Copper(I) Complexes and Application in DSSC

Abstract

New copper(I) compounds of compositions [Cu(HL)(PPh3)2]·H2O (1) and [Cu(HL)POP]·CH2Cl2 (2), where HL = monoanion of pyridine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid, PPh3 = triphenylphosphine and POP = bis [2-(diphenylphosphine)phenyl]ether), are documented. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, spectroscopic techniques (IR, 1H/31P RMN and UV–VIS), cyclic voltammetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Single-crystals for 1 and 2 enabled X-ray diffraction analysis, revealing distorted tetrahedral geometries for Cu(I) centers embedded in NOP2 environments. The crystal structures are stabilized by O−H∙∙∙O, C−H∙∙∙O, C−H∙∙∙π and π∙∙∙π interactions that were analyzed by inspection of the Hirshfeld surfaces and fingerprint plots. Compounds 1 and 2 show interesting optical/electrochemical properties, which were studied experimentally in solution by UV–Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, as well as theoretically using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TD-DFT). Additionally, in combination with the ruthenium complex N719, their efficiency as co-sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was assessed, showing good activity.