Insights into the Movement and Diffusion Accumulation Characteristics of a Catastrophic Rock Avalanche Debris—A Case Study

Author:

Gong Yifei12345ORCID,Xing Xiansen6,Li Yanan4,Zhu Chun236,Li Yanlin4ORCID,Yan Jianhua6,Le Huilin6ORCID,Li Xiaoshuang17

Affiliation:

1. School of Urban Construction, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China

2. Key Laboratory of Geohazard, Fuzhou 610059, China

3. Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention of Hilly Mountains, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Fuzhou 100037, China

4. Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China

5. Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China

6. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

7. Key Laboratory of Rock Mechanics and Geohazards of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing 312000, China

Abstract

In this study, the 1991 rock avalanche, in Touzhai, Zhaotong, Yunnan, China, was considered the study object. The investigation of the landslide accumulation body revealed that the Touzhai rock avalanche accumulation body has the characteristics of wide gradation and poor sorting. A combination of field investigations, indoor and outdoor experiments, and numerical simulations were used to invert the occurrence and spreading range of rock avalanche-debris flow hazards. To invert and analyze its dynamics and the crushing process, a three-dimensional discrete element modeling was performed on the real terrain data. Simulation results showed that the movement time of the numerically simulated Touzhai rock avalanche was approximately 200 s. After 50 s of movement, the peak velocity reached 32 m/s, and the velocity gradually decayed after the sliding mass rubbed violently against the valley floor and collided with the mountain. Due to the meandering nature of the gully, the sliding mass makes its way down the gully and constantly collides with the mountain, making particles appear to climb, with some particles being blocked by the valley. After 150 s of movement, the average velocity rate decreased substantially, and the landslide-avalanche debris reached the mouth of the trench. After 200 s of movement, the average sliding velocity tends to 0 m/s, where the avalanche debris tends to stop and accumulate. When the rock avalanche movement reaches the mouth of the gully, the avalanche debris spreads to the sides as it is no longer bounded by the hills on either side of the narrow gully, eventually forming a ‘trumpet-shaped’ accumulation, and the granular flow simulation matched the findings of the landslide site accumulation.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

National Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China

Jinan City “new university 20” research leader studio project

Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention of Hilly Mountains, Ministry of Natural Resources

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Earth and Planetary Sciences

Reference56 articles.

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