Fish Assemblages as Ecological Indicators in the Büyük Menderes (Great Meander) River, Turkey

Author:

Zogaris Stamatis1ORCID,Koutsikos Nicholas1ORCID,Chatzinikolaou Yorgos2,Őzeren Saniye Cevher3,Yence Kaan4ORCID,Vlami Vassiliki5ORCID,Kohlmeier Pinar Güler6,Akyildiz Gürçay Kıvanç7

Affiliation:

1. Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, 19013 Anavissos, Greece

2. Independent Researcher, Ioulianou 19, 54351 Thessaloniki, Greece

3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Ankara 06100, Turkey

4. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Trakya University, Edirne 22030, Turkey

5. Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Patras, 26504 Rion, Greece

6. Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9712 CP Groningen, The Netherlands

7. Biology Department, Hydrobiology Laboratory, Pamukkale University, Denizli 20160, Turkey

Abstract

This research describes fish assemblages and associated aquatic ecosystem degradation patterns in the Büyük Menderes River, one of Turkey’s most important Anatolian basins. Using standard electrofishing, 44 river sites were sampled throughout the basin accounting for the distribution and abundance of 20 native and seven non-native species, totaling 13,535 fish specimens. At each sampling site, anthropogenic pressures were assessed, and information was gathered to determine the degree of human-induced degradation that may affect fish and their habitats; each site was scored on the basis of a site quality index (SQI). Using the best-available relatively less-degraded river sites, cluster analyses of the samples defined six fish assemblage river types. Further classification of all fish samples utilizing bipartite network analysis resulted in comparable assemblage groupings. The European Fish Index (EFI+) with minor adaptations was applied for assessing river ecological integrity at all sampled sites in order to explore the utility of this widely used index. The EFI+ index results correlated with scores of the SQI but provided a very narrow assessment range, thus failing to accurately and consistently assess the severity of anthropogenic degradation. We recommend a new multimetric index to be developed for the Western Anatolian Ecoregion, of which this basin is a part. The data and insights gained from this exercise may help continue fish-based indicator development for policy-relevant management and conservation in Turkey’s rivers.

Funder

European Union

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry

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