Investigating the Resistance Mechanism of Wheat Varieties to Fusarium Head Blight Using Comparative Metabolomics

Author:

Dong Yifan1,Xia Xiaobo2,Ahmad Dawood1,Wang Yuhua2,Zhang Xu1,Wu Lei1,Jiang Peng1,Zhang Peng1,Yang Xiujuan3,Li Gang2ORCID,He Yi1

Affiliation:

1. CIMMYT-JAAS Joint Center for Wheat Diseases, The Research Center of Wheat Scab, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China

2. Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China

3. School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Adelaide, SA 5064, Australia

Abstract

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum and severely reduces wheat yield, causing mycotoxin contamination in grains and derived products. F. graminearum-secreted chemical toxins stably accumulate in plant cells, disturbing host metabolic homeostasis. We determined the potential mechanisms underlying FHB resistance and susceptibility in wheat. Three representative wheat varieties (Sumai 3, Yangmai 158, and Annong 8455) were inoculated with F. graminearum and their metabolite changes were assessed and compared. In total, 365 differentiated metabolites were successfully identified. Amino acids and derivatives, carbohydrates, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamate derivatives, lipids, and nucleotides constituted the major changes in response to fungal infection. Changes in defense-associated metabolites, such as flavonoids and hydroxycinnamate derivatives, were dynamic and differed among the varieties. Nucleotide and amino acid metabolism and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were more active in the highly and moderately resistant varieties than in the highly susceptible variety. We demonstrated that two plant-derived metabolites, phenylalanine and malate, significantly suppressed F. graminearum growth. The genes encoding the biosynthetic enzymes for these two metabolites were upregulated in wheat spike during F. graminearum infection. Thus, our findings uncovered the metabolic basis of resistance and susceptibility of wheat to F. graminearum and provided insights into engineering metabolic pathways to enhance FHB resistance in wheat.

Funder

the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund

iangsu key R & D plan

China Agricultural Research System Program

Nanjing Agricultural University

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Inorganic Chemistry,Organic Chemistry,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Computer Science Applications,Spectroscopy,Molecular Biology,General Medicine,Catalysis

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