Contribution of Glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb1) to Treatment Decisions in Patients with Gaucher Disease

Abstract

Glucosylsphingosine (lyso-Gb1), the deacylated form of glucocerebroside, was shown to be the most specific and sensitive biomarker for diagnosing Gaucher disease (GD). The aim of this study is to assess the contribution of lyso-Gb1 at the time of diagnosis for treatment decisions in naïve patients with GD. Newly diagnosed patients from July 2014 to November 2022 were included in this retrospective cohort study. The diagnosis was done by sending a dry blood spot (DBS) sample for GBA1 molecular sequencing and lyso-Gb1 quantification. Treatment decisions were based on symptoms, signs, and routine laboratory tests. We diagnosed 97 patients (41 males), both type 1 (n = 87), and neuronopathic (n = 10). The median (range) age at diagnosis was 22 (1–78), with 36 children. In 65 patients, GD-specific therapy was started with a median (range) lyso-Gb1, 337 (60–1340) ng/mL, significantly higher than in patients who did not go on to treatment, 153.5 (9–442) ng/mL. Using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, a cutoff of lyso-Gb1 > 250 ng/mL was associated with treatment with a sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 87.5%. Predictors of treatment were thrombocytopenia, anemia, and elevated lyso-Gb1 (>250 ng/mL). In conclusion, lyso-Gb1 levels contribute to the medical decision related to the initiation of treatment, mainly among mildly affected newly diagnosed patients. For patients with a severe phenotype, as for all patients, the main value of lyso-Gb1 would be to monitor response to therapy. The variable methodology and differences in the units of lyso-Gb1 measurements between laboratories prevent the adaptation of the exact cut-off we found in general practice. However, the concept is that a significant elevation, i.e., a several-fold increase from the diagnostic lyso-Gb1 cutoff, is related to a more severe phenotype and, accordingly, to the decision regarding the initiation of GD-specific therapy.