Affiliation:
1. Laboratory of Radioanalytical and Environmental Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, Cy-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
2. National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 15310 Athens, Greece
Abstract
The binding of actinide ions (Am(III) and U(VI)) in aqueous solutions by hybrid silica–hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) nanoparticles (NPs) and xerogels (XGs) has been studied by means of batch experiments at different pH values (4, 7, and 9) under ambient atmospheric conditions. Both materials present relatively high removal efficiency at pH 4 and pH 7 (>70%) for Am(III) and U(VI). The lower removal efficiency for the nanoparticles is basically associated with the compact structure of the nanoparticles and the lower permeability and access to active amine groups compared to xerogels, and the negative charge of the radionuclide species is formed under alkaline conditions (e.g., UO2(CO3)34− and Am(CO3)2−). Generally, the adsorption process is relatively slow due to the very low radionuclide concentrations used in the study and is basically governed by the actinide diffusion from the aqueous phase to the solid surface. On the other hand, adsorption is favored with increasing temperature, assuming that the reaction is endothermic and entropy-driven, which is associated with increasing randomness at the solid–liquid interphase upon actinide adsorption. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on hybrid silica–hyperbranched poly(ethylene imine) nanoparticle and xerogel materials used as adsorbents for americium and uranium at ultra-trace levels. Compared to other adsorbent materials used for binding americium and uranium ions, both materials show far higher binding efficiency. Xerogels could remove both actinides even from seawater by almost 90%, whereas nanoparticles could remove uranium by 80% and americium by 70%. The above, along with their simple derivatization to increase the selectivity towards a specific radionuclide and their easy processing to be included in separation technologies, could make these materials attractive candidates for the treatment of radionuclide/actinide-contaminated water.
Subject
Polymers and Plastics,Organic Chemistry,Biomaterials,Bioengineering
Reference81 articles.
1. Morss, L.R., Edel-stein, N.M., and Fuger, J. (2008). The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements, Springer. Chapter 23.
2. Seaborg, G.T. (1968). The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements, Reinhold Book Corporation.
3. Solid-Liquid Phase Equilibria of Pu(VI) and U(VI) in Aqueous Carbonate Systems. Determination of Stability Constants;Pashalidis;Radiochim. Acta,1997
4. Ioannidis, I., Xenofontos, A., Anastopoulos, I., and Pashalidis, I. (2022). Americium Sorption by Microplastics in Aqueous Solutions. Coatings, 12.
5. A study of solid-liquid phase equilibria of trivalent lanthanide and actinide ions in carbonate systems;Runde;Radiochim. Acta,1992