Chronic Plantar Fasciitis Treatment: A Randomized Trial Comparing Corticosteroid Injections Followed by Therapeutic Ultrasound with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy

Abstract

This study aims to compare the effect of corticosteroid injection (CSI) followed by therapeutic ultrasound (TUS) with that of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in patients with chronic plantar fasciitis (PF) and to explore the impact of a sedentary lifestyle and obesity on treatment outcomes. Female patients with PF were randomly allocated to receive ESWT (group A, n = 25) or CSI + TUS (group B, n = 25). Interventions: Group A received four once-weekly sessions of ESWT (2000 shocks, 2.5 bar pressure, 10.0 Hz frequency). Group B received a local injection of 40 mg triamcinolone acetonide with 2 mL 1% xylocaine, followed by three sessions of TUS per week for two weeks. Pain visual analog scale (VAS pain), plantar fasciitis pain and disability scale (PFPDS), and fascia thickness using musculoskeletal ultrasound were all measured at baseline, 4 weeks, and 12 weeks after the end of treatment. VAS pain and PFPDS improved significantly in both groups after 4 and 12 weeks. In the ESWT group, the pain improved significantly more at 12 weeks (p = 0.004). In obese patients (BMI > 29.9 kg/m2), ESWT gave more long-term pain relief at 12 weeks follow-up. In both the ESWT and CSI + TUS groups, after 12 weeks, the VAS pain improved more in patients with a sedentary daily life than in those with active life (p = 0.021 and p = 0.014, resp.), as well as the PFPDS (p = 0.014 and p = 0.019, resp.). Plantar fascia thickness decreased in both groups at 12 weeks. In both groups, improvements in function (PFPDS) correlated significantly with decreased plantar fascia thickness at 4 and 12 weeks. In the CSI + TUS group only, the decrease in plantar fascia thickness was correlated with pain improvement at both follow-up visits. Echogenicity changed from hypoechoic to iso- or hyperechoic and improved significantly in both groups at 12 weeks follow-up, but changes were not different between the groups (p = 0.208). Both CSI + TUS and ESWT are effective treatments for female patients with chronic plantar fasciitis resulting in pain relief and improved function and fascia thickness. ESWT gave more pain relief at 12 weeks follow-up. CSI + TUS is effective as a rapid and short-term modality for relieving PF pain. According to previous studies, the addition of TUS does not appear to make CSI much more effective.