Affiliation:
1. Centro de Estudos Florestais, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal
2. CERNAS Research Centre, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
Abstract
Bark-based biorefineries are estimated to become a trending topic in the coming years, particularly with their adsorbent applications and antioxidant production. While the potential benefits of bark-based biorefineries are well-recognized, it is not known how to develop a bark-based biorefinery considering different unit operations and the potential end products. The characterization and screening of different barks for chemical composition is the initial step in biorefinery development, along with the selection of the relevant conversion processes. This state-of-the-art review provides background knowledge on the pyrolysis and extraction studies of bark as the key conversion operations. The results of recent (2010–2022) bark pyrolysis and extraction studies were critically analyzed for process conditions, product properties, and product yields, as well as a discussion of energy-saving possibilities. A biorefinery scheme was proposed based on these data. The current knowledge gaps were identified and future directions were evaluated, which include the production of charcoals, platform chemicals, and extract profiling for specific applications. The results indicate that barks are particularly rich in hydrophilic extractives with potential antioxidant properties and pyrolysis operations, resulting in functional chars that may be used in value-added applications as adsorbent materials. A biorefinery scheme allows for the production of platform chemicals, antioxidant extracts and biochars from barks while contributing to the reduction of waste and environmental pollution.
Funder
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
Subject
Energy (miscellaneous),Energy Engineering and Power Technology,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment,Electrical and Electronic Engineering,Control and Optimization,Engineering (miscellaneous),Building and Construction
Reference192 articles.
1. Survey and discussion of the terminology used in bark anatomy;Trockenbrodt;IAWA J.,1990
2. Harkin, J.M., and Rowe, J.W. (1971). Bark and Its Possible Uses, Forest Products Laboratory.
3. Şen, A.U., and Pereira, H. (2021). State-of-the-Art Char Production with a Focus on Bark Feedstocks: Processes, Design, and Applications. Processes, 9.
4. The utilization of tree bark;Pasztory;BioResources,2016
5. Pereira, H. (2007). Cork: Biology, Production and Uses, Elsevier.
Cited by
1 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献