Mesoporous Dual-Semiconductor ZnS/CdS Nanocomposites as Efficient Visible Light Photocatalysts for Hydrogen Generation

Abstract

The development of functional catalysts for the photogeneration of hydrogen (H2) via water-splitting is crucial in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions. To that end, metal-sulfide semiconductors, such as CdS and ZnS, can play a significant role in the process due to their interesting optoelectronic and catalytic properties. However, inefficient charge-carrier dissociation and poor photochemical stability remain significant limitations to photocatalytic efficiency. Herein, dual-semiconductor nanocomposites of ZnS/CdS nanocrystal assemblies (NCAs) are developed as efficient visible light photocatalysts for H2 generation. The resultant materials, synthesized via a polymer-templated self-polymerization method, comprise a unique combination of ~5–7 nm-sized metal-sulfide nanoparticles that are interlinked to form a 3D open-pore structure with large internal surface area (up to 285 m2 g−1) and uniform pores (circa 6–7 nm). By adjusting the ratio of constituent nanoparticles, the optimized ZnS/CdS catalyst with 50 wt.% ZnS content demonstrates a remarkable stability and visible light H2-evolution activity (~29 mmol g−1 h−1 mass activity) with an apparent quantum yield (AQY) of 60% at 420 nm. Photocatalytic evaluation experiments combined with electrochemical and spectroscopic studies suggest that the superior photocatalytic performance of these materials stems from the accessible 3D open-pore structure and the efficient defect-mediated charge transfer mechanism at the ZnS/CdS nanointerfaces. Overall, this work provides a new perspective for designing functional and stable photocatalytic materials for sustainable H2 production.