1. School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Anderson Hall, P.O. Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
2. Desert Research Institute, 7010 Dandini Blvd, Reno, NV 89512, USA
3. Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Laboratory, 400 N 34th St., Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
4. School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, 1900 Commerce Street, Tacoma, WA 98402, USA