How to Make Anticancer Drugs Cross the Blood–Brain Barrier to Treat Brain Metastases

Abstract

The incidence of brain metastases has increased in the last 10 years. However, the survival of patients with brain metastases remains poor and challenging in daily practice in medical oncology. One of the mechanisms suggested for the persistence of a high incidence of brain metastases is the failure to cross the blood–brain barrier of most chemotherapeutic agents, including the more recent targeted therapies. Therefore, new pharmacological approaches are needed to optimize the efficacy of anticancer drug protocols. In this article, we present recent findings in molecular data on brain metastases. We then discuss published data from pharmacological studies on the crossing of the blood–brain barrier by anticancer agents. We go on to discuss future developments to facilitate drug penetration across the blood–brain barrier for the treatment of brain metastases among cancer patients, using physical methods or physiological transporters.