Evaluating the Cytotoxicity of Functionalized MWCNT and Microbial Biofilm Formation on PHBV Composites

Author:

Montanheiro Thaís Larissa do Amaral12ORCID,Schatkoski Vanessa Modelski1ORCID,Camarena Denisse Esther Mallaupoma34ORCID,de Oliveira Thais Cardoso5,da Silva Diego Morais6ORCID,Vegian Mariana Raquel da Cruz6,Catalani Luiz Henrique3ORCID,Koga-Ito Cristiane Yumi6ORCID,Thim Gilmar Patrocínio1

Affiliation:

1. Plasma and Processes Laboratory, Technological Institute of Aeronautics, São José dos Campos 12228-900, SP, Brazil

2. Mechanical Engineering Department, Technological Institute of Aeronautics, São José dos Campos 12228-900, SP, Brazil

3. Laboratory of Polymeric Biomaterials, Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil

4. Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil

5. Fundamental Sciences Division, Technological Institute of Aeronautics, São José dos Campos 12228-900, SP, Brazil

6. Department of Environmental Engineering and Sciences, Oral Health Graduate Program, São José dos Campos Institute of Science and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12245-000, SP, Brazil

Abstract

This study focuses on the cytotoxic evaluation of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and microbial biofilm formation on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) nanocomposites incorporating MWCNTs functionalized with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and carboxyl groups. The materials were characterized for cytotoxicity to fibroblasts and antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. The functionalization of MWCNTs was performed through oxidation (CNT-Ox) and GABA attachment (CNT-GB). The PHBV/CNT nanocomposites were produced via melt mixing. All MWCNT suspensions showed non-toxic behaviors after 24 h of incubation (viability higher than 70%); however, prolonged incubation and higher concentrations led to increased cytotoxicity. The antibacterial potential of PHBV/CNT nanocomposites against S. aureus showed a reduction in biofilm formation of 64% for PHBV/CNT-GB and 20% for PHBV/CNT-Ox, compared to neat PHBV. Against C. albicans, no reduction was observed. The results indicate promising applications for PHBV/CNT nanocomposites in managing bacterial infections, with GABA-functionalized CNTs showing enhanced performance.

Funder

FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO

Publisher

MDPI AG

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