Galectin-2 Agglutinates Helicobacter pylori via Lipopolysaccharide Containing H Type I Under Weakly Acidic Conditions
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Published:2024-08-10
Issue:16
Volume:25
Page:8725
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ISSN:1422-0067
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Container-title:International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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language:en
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Short-container-title:IJMS
Author:
Sasaki Takaharu1, Oyama Midori1, Kubota Mao1, Isshiki Yasunori1, Takeuchi Tomoharu12ORCID, Tanaka Toru1, Tanikawa Takashi1, Tamura Mayumi3, Arata Yoichiro3, Hatanaka Tomomi14ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan 2. School of Pharmacy, Aichi Gakuin University, 1-100 Kusumoto-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8650, Japan 3. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2–11–1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan 4. School of Medicine, Tokai University, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
Abstract
Galectins are β-galactoside-binding animal lectins involved in various biological functions, such as host defense. Galectin-2 and -3 are members of the galectin family that are expressed in the stomach, including the gastric mucosa and surface mucous cells. Galectin-3 exhibits aggregation and bactericidal activity against Helicobacter pylori in a β-galactoside-dependent manner. We previously reported that galectin-2 has the same activity under neutral pH conditions. In this study, the H. pylori aggregation activity of galectin-2 was examined under weakly acidic conditions, in which H. pylori survived. Galectin-2 agglutinated H. pylori even at pH 6.0, but not at pH 5.0, correlating with its structural stability, as determined using circular dichroism. Additionally, galectin-2 binding to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of H. pylori cultured under weakly acidic conditions was investigated using affinity chromatography and Western blotting. Galectin-2 could bind to H. pylori LPS containing H type I, a Lewis antigen, in a β-galactoside-dependent manner. In contrast, galectin-3 was structurally more stable than galectin-2 under acidic conditions and bound to H. pylori LPS containing H type I and Lewis X. In conclusion, galectin-2 and -3 might function cooperatively in the defense against H. pylori in the stomach under different pH conditions.
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