Zn-Cr Layered Double Hydroxides for Photocatalytic Transformation of CO2 under Visible Light Irradiation: The Effect of the Metal Ratio and Interlayer Anion

Abstract

Carbon dioxide is the main gas responsible for the greenhouse effect. Over the last few years, the research focus of many studies has been to transform CO2 into valuable products (CO, HCOOH, HCHO, CH3OH and CH4), since it would contribute to mitigating global warming and environmental pollution. Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are two-dimensional materials with high CO2 adsorption capacity and compositional flexibility with potential catalytic properties to be applied in CO2 reduction processes. Herein, Zn-Cr LDH-based materials with different metal ratio and interlayer anions, i.e., chloride (Cl−), graphene quantum dots (GQDs), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium deoxycholate (SDC), have been prepared by a co-precipitation method and characterized by different techniques. The influence of the interlayer inorganic and organic anions and the metal ratio on the application of Zn-Cr LDHs as catalysts for the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction under visible light irradiation is unprecedentedly reported. The catalytic tests have been carried out with Ru(bpy)32+ as photosensitizer (PS) and triethanolamine as sacrificial electron donor (ED) at λ = 450 nm. All LDHs materials exhibited good photocatalytic activity towards CO. Among them, LDH3-SDC showed the best catalytic performance, achieving 10,977 µmol CO g−1 at 24 h under visible light irradiation with a CO selectivity of 88%. This study provides pertinent findings about the modified physicochemical features of Zn-Cr LDHs, such as particle size, surface area and the nature of the interlayer anion, and how they influence the catalytic activity in CO2 photoreduction.