Recent Advances in g-C3N4 Photocatalysts: A Review of Reaction Parameters, Structure Design and Exfoliation Methods

Author:

Pei Junxiang1,Li Haofeng1,Zhuang Songlin1,Zhang Dawei1,Yu Dechao1

Affiliation:

1. Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China

Abstract

Graphitized carbon nitride (g-C3N4), as a metal-free, visible-light-responsive photocatalyst, has a very broad application prospect in the fields of solar energy conversion and environmental remediation. The g-C3N4 photocatalyst owns a series of conspicuous characteristics, such as very suitable band structure, strong physicochemical stability, abundant reserves, low cost, etc. Research on the g-C3N4 or g-C3N4-based photocatalysts for real applications has become a competitive hot topic and a frontier area with thousands of publications over the past 17 years. In this paper, we carefully reviewed the recent advances in the synthesis and structural design of g-C3N4 materials for efficient photocatalysts. First, the crucial synthesis parameters of g-C3N4 were fully discussed, including the categories of g-C3N4 precursors, reaction temperature, reaction atmosphere and reaction duration. Second, the construction approaches of various nanostructures were surveyed in detail, such as hard and soft template, supramolecular preorganization and template-free approaches. Third, the characteristics of different exfoliation methods were compared and summarized. At the end, the problems of g-C3N4 materials in photocatalysis and the prospect of further development were disclosed and proposed to provide some key guidance for designing more efficient and applicable g-C3N4 or g-C3N4-based photocatalysts.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Physical and Theoretical Chemistry,Catalysis,General Environmental Science

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