Evaluating the Molecular Properties and Function of ANKHD1, and Its Role in Cancer

Abstract

Ankyrin repeat and single KH domain-containing protein 1 (ANKHD1) is a large, scaffolding protein composed of two stretches of ankyrin repeat domains that mediate protein–protein interactions and a KH domain that mediates RNA or single-stranded DNA binding. ANKHD1 interacts with proteins in several crucial signalling pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinase, JAK/STAT, mechanosensitive Hippo (YAP/TAZ), and p21. Studies into the role of ANKHD1 in cancer cell lines demonstrate a crucial role in driving uncontrolled cellular proliferation and growth, enhanced tumorigenicity, cell cycle progression through the S phase, and increased epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Furthermore, at a clinical level, the increased expression of ANKHD1 has been associated with greater tumour infiltration, increased metastasis, and larger tumours. Elevated ANKHD1 resulted in poorer prognosis, more aggressive growth, and a decrease in patient survival in numerous cancer types. This review aims to gather the current knowledge about ANKHD1 and explore its molecular properties and functions, focusing on the protein’s role in cancer at both a cellular and clinical level.