Disease-Free Survival after Breast Conservation Therapy vs. Mastectomy of Patients with T1/2 Breast Cancer and No Lymph Node Metastases: Our Experience

Abstract

Several retrospective analyses of large amounts of contemporary data have shown the superiority of breast conservative surgery (BCS) over mastectomy carried out in the early stage of breast cancer. The characteristics of the patients and cancers that are most likely to benefit from BCS remain unclear. In our work, we analyzed the disease-free survival (DFS) of a cohort of patients treated with BCS or mastectomy between 1995 and 2018 in our institute with pT1-2, pN0, or cM0 breast cancer. The DFS curves of patients treated with both mastectomy and quadrantectomy were compared in the different subsamples with respect to the clinical and histopathological characteristics. We identified 188 eligible patients treated with BCS and 64 patients treated with mastectomy. DFS was not found to be statistically higher in patients treated with BCS compared to those treated with mastectomy, who achieved a 5-year DFS of 89.9% vs. 81.3% and a 10-year DFS of 78.9% vs. 79.3%, respectively. No significant differences were detected for the DFS curves when patients were differentiated by the type of surgical treatment received, age, and the tumor histological characteristics. We verified a p-value just above the 10% significance threshold for patients with tumor dimensions between 20 mm and 50 mm and molecular sub-type Luminal B. In our experience, treatment with mastectomy is not associated with improved DFS compared to treatment with BCS in women with early-stage tumors.