Dynamics of a Discrete Leslie–Gower Model with Harvesting and Holling-II Functional Response

Abstract

Recently, Christian Cortés García proposed and studied a continuous modified Leslie–Gower model with harvesting and alternative food for predator and Holling-II functional response, and proved that the model undergoes transcritical bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation. In this paper, we dedicate ourselves to investigating the bifurcation problems of the discrete version of the model by using the Center Manifold Theorem and bifurcation theory, and obtain sufficient conditions for the occurrences of the transcritical bifurcation and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation, and the stability of the closed orbits bifurcated. Our numerical simulations not only illustrate corresponding theoretical results, but also reveal new dynamic chaos occurring, which is an essential difference between the continuous system and its corresponding discrete version.