Testing a Biobehavioral Model of Food Insecurity and Chronic Disease in Hispanic Older Adolescents

Abstract

The biobehavioral model of food insecurity and chronic disease posits that stress perpetuates the cycle of food insecurity and chronic disease, in part, through changes in eating behaviors and weight gain. The current study conducted a preliminary test of the biobehavioral model in a sample of Hispanic older adolescents. It was hypothesized that older adolescents experiencing food insecurity would report greater depressive symptoms, which would be associated with more disordered eating, which would be associated with worse cardiometabolic indicators. Hispanic older adolescents (N = 113; 60% female; 15–21 years with mean age of 19.1; BMImean = 24.4) completed self-report baseline measures of food insecurity, depression, and disordered eating behaviors as part of a larger experimental study. Anthropometrics and body composition, blood pressure, heart rate, and resting metabolic rate were objectively measured. Hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. Experiencing food insecurity was associated with more disordered eating (b = 2.20, p = 0.032). Greater depressive symptoms were associated with more disordered eating (b = 0.28, p = 0.025) and worse cardiometabolic indicators (b = 0.15, p = 0.017). The full biobehavioral model, however, was not supported. Findings underscore the complex interaction of social and psychological functioning and physical health.