Impact of Nut Consumption on Cognition across the Lifespan

Author:

Nishi Stephanie K.12345ORCID,Sala-Vila Aleix36ORCID,Julvez Jordi78ORCID,Sabaté Joan9ORCID,Ros Emilio310ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició, 43201 Reus, Spain

2. Institut d’investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43201 Reus, Spain

3. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain

4. Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada

5. Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael’s Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5C 2T2, Canada

6. Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), 08003 Barcelona, Spain

7. Clinical and Epidemiological Neuroscience Group (NeuroÈpia), Institut d’ Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007 Reus, Spain

8. Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), 08036 Barcelona, Spain

9. Center for Nutrition, Lifestyle and Disease Prevention, School of Public Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA

10. Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service and Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain

Abstract

Cognitive health is a life-long concern affected by modifiable risk factors, including lifestyle choices, such as dietary intake, with serious implications for quality of life, morbidity, and mortality worldwide. In addition, nuts are a nutrient-dense food that contain a number of potentially neuroprotective components, including monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, fiber, B-vitamins, non-sodium minerals, and highly bioactive polyphenols. However, increased nut consumption relates to a lower cardiovascular risk and a lower burden of cardiovascular risk factors that are shared with neurodegenerative disorders, which is why nuts have been hypothesized to be beneficial for brain health. The present narrative review discusses up-to-date epidemiological, clinical trial, and mechanistic evidence of the effect of exposure to nuts on cognitive performance. While limited and inconclusive, available evidence suggests a possible role for nuts in the maintenance of cognitive health and prevention of cognitive decline in individuals across the lifespan, particularly in older adults and those at higher risk. Walnuts, as a rich source of the plant-based polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid, are the nut type most promising for cognitive health. Given the limited definitive evidence available to date, especially regarding cognitive health biomarkers and hard outcomes, future studies are needed to better elucidate the impact of nuts on the maintenance of cognitive health, as well as the prevention and management of cognitive decline and dementia, including Alzheimer disease.

Funder

Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Postdoctoral Fellowship

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

International Nut & Dried Fruit Council

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Food Science,Nutrition and Dietetics

Reference112 articles.

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