Self-Refereeing System in Ultimate during the Joint Junior Ultimate Championship in Three Different Divisions—A Different Way to Promote Fair-Play?

Author:

Amoroso José12ORCID,Coelho Luís12,Papp Henrietta3,Costa Felipe4,Christodoulides Efstathios5ORCID,Cools Wouter67ORCID,Erdősi Zoltán8,Moore, Jr. James9,Furtado Guilherme1011ORCID

Affiliation:

1. ESECS—Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411-901 Leiria, Portugal

2. CIEQV—Life Quality Research Center, Polytechnic of Leiria, 2411 Leiria, Portugal

3. National Laboratory of Virology, Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary

4. Faculty of Physical Education, Brasilia University, UnB, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil

5. Sport and Exercise Sciences, School of Sciences, UCLan Cyprus, 7080 Larnaka, Cyprus

6. Multidisciplinary Institute of Teacher Training (MILO), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium

7. Department of teacher training for secondary education (OSO), Artevelde University of Applied Sciences, 9000 Ghent, Belgium

8. School of Doctoral Studies, Hungarian University of Sports Science, Alkotás u. 42-48, 1123 Budapest, Hungary

9. Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK

10. Applied Research Institute, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Rua da Misericórdia, Lagar dos Cortiços–S. Martinho do Bispo, 3045-093 Coimbra, Portugal

11. Research collaborator Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF, UID/PTD/04213/2020), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education (FCDEF-UC), Pavilhão 3, 3040-248 Coimbra, Portugal

Abstract

In ultimate games governed by the World Flying Disc Federation (WFDF), all competitors also take on the role of referee. The players discuss disputed calls with each other during the game, and then follow rules designed for these situations to determine how the play continues. The number one rule of the sport is to respect the spirit of the game (SOTG), which encourages competitive play while preserving mutual respect and minimizing the risk of injury. The use of SOTG in ultimate in the framework of self-arbitration as a moral practice aligns well with other tools of critical pedagogy. For this study, the SOTG scores of the WFDF Joint Junior Ultimate Championship (JJUC 2022) were analyzed. A total of 1009 players from 19 countries competed in 434 self-refereed games (29 national teams in the WJUC Under-20 (U20) tournament and 20 teams in the EYUC Under-17 (U17) tournament). All the scores from the individual criteria correlated well with the overall scores, but for the most part, they did not correlate with each other. Our experience with the scoring system has highlighted the importance of participants understanding the meaning of the results and how they may lead to a constructive reflection to improve exceptions, including scores representing fouls and rules knowledge. The findings provide important information for physical education teachers, coaches, and sport consultants and may be of use to design SOTG programs that could foster the experience of sportsmanship and to facilitate the ethical conduct of athletes in either recreative or in competitive contexts.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

General Medicine

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