Quantifying Environmental Flow in the Form of Pulse Flow for Fish Protection

Author:

Lv Xiaolong12,Yang Zefan1ORCID,Hu Peng1,Wang Weize3,Zeng Qinghui1,Yan Xiaoyao1

Affiliation:

1. State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, A-1 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China

2. State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

3. State Key Laboratory of Eco-Hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China

Abstract

Pulse flow, which includes base flow, peak flow, flow duration, occurrence time, and frequency, is a manifestation of environmental flow in rivers. This paper describes a methodological framework for determining pulse flow based on an analysis of fish spawning behavior and presents its application to the second Songhua River in northeastern China. Peak flow was determined based on the hydrographic-habitat relationship for fish spawning in conjunction with physical habitat simulation. The flow duration was determined based on the incubation period of fish eggs. The occurrence time and frequency were determined based on the suitable temperature for fish spawning. This application differs from conventional methods for dividing fish spawning periods and selecting target species in the corresponding period. Fish were divided into cold-water fish, hypothermal-water fish, and warm-water fish according to spawning temperature, and the target species in each month of the spawning period (April to July) were identified. For the same spawning period, the hydrographic-habitat relationships of target species with adhesive and drifting eggs were weighted to determine the peak flow. The most suitable peak flow for fish spawning from April to May in the research region is 900 m3/s and 1200 m3/s for June to July. Using the proposed framework, an ecological hydrograph from April to July was obtained by combining the method of pulse flow with habitat simulation. Fifteen days, eight days, and five days were chosen as the flow durations for April, May, and June to July, respectively. We recommend scheduling two high pulse flows each month from May to July while limiting the occurrence to only one in April. The results show that this framework offers a promising approach for developing environmental flows in rivers with a variety of fish species.

Funder

National Key Research Program of China

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Independent Research Project of the State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry

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