Approach to Patients with Obesity and Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Primary Care Using the Delphi Methodology

Abstract

Background: Implementing preventive strategies for patients with obesity would improve the future burden of cardiovascular diseases. The objective was to present the opinions of experts on the approach to treating patients with obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors from a primary care perspective in Spain; Methods: Using the Delphi technique, a 42-question questionnaire was developed based on results from the scientific literature, and sent to 42 experts in primary care. Two rounds of participation were held; Results: There is a close relationship between obesity and cardiovascular risk factors among primary care physicians. It is necessary to use a checklist in primary care that includes metabolic parameters such as body mass index, waist circumference, and levels of C-reactive protein and ferritin. It is also useful to combine pharmacological treatment, such as liraglutide, with a change in lifestyle to achieve therapeutic goals in this population; Conclusions: There is a high level of awareness among experts in Spain regarding obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors, and the need to address this pathology comprehensively. The need to incorporate specific tools in primary care consultations that allow for better assessment and follow-up of these patients, such as cuffs adapted to arm size or imaging techniques to assess body fat, is evident. Teleconsultation is imposed as a helpful tool for follow-up. Experts recommend that patients with obesity and associated comorbidities modify their lifestyle, incorporate a Mediterranean diet, and administer liraglutide.