Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Mexico in 2020–2021: Risk Areas and Climatic Distribution

Author:

Lorenzo Consuelo1ORCID,Fernández Jesús A.2ORCID,Hernández-Quiroz Nathalie S.2ORCID,Lafón Terrazas Alberto3ORCID,Tapia-Ramírez Gloria1ORCID

Affiliation:

1. El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad San Cristóbal, San Cristóbal de Las Casas C.P. 29290, Chiapas, Mexico

2. Facultad de Zootecnia y Ecología, Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Periférico Francisco R. Almada Km. 1, Chihuahua C.P. 31453, Chihuahua, Mexico

3. Protección de la Fauna Mexicana, Calle 16, Número 2604, Colonia Pacífico, Chihuahua C.P. 31030, Chihuahua, Mexico

Abstract

Mexico is home to 14 species of lagomorphs, 6 of which are endemic. Studies on diseases affecting native lagomorphs are scarce, and in most cases, the impact on their populations remains largely unknown. Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV), especially the RHDV2 variant, causes a serious and extremely contagious disease, resulting in high mortality rates and major declines in wild lagomorph populations. The objectives of this study were to identify disease hotspots and critical biodiversity regions in Mexico through the combined use of disease information and lagomorph distribution maps and to determine the areas of greatest concern. In total, 19 states of Mexico recorded RHDV2 from April 2020 to August 2021, and 12 of them reported the wild species Sylvilagus audubonii, Lepus californicus, and unidentified Leporidae species. The distribution of RHDV2 in Mexico can be closely predicted from climatic variables. RHDV2 hotspots are located in the central-southern area of the Mexican Highlands and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, where the virus affects multiple species. This knowledge is essential for proposing specific actions to manage and preserve lagomorph populations at risk and address these issues as soon as possible.

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference22 articles.

1. Smith, A.T., Johnston, C.H., Alves, P.C., and Häcklander, K. (2018). Lagomorphs: Pikas, Rabbits and Hares of the World, John Hopkins University Press.

2. IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) (2024, May 20). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2023-1. Available online: https://www.iucnredlist.org/.

3. State of knowledge and conservation of endangered and critically endangered lagomorphs worldwide;Lorenzo;Therya,2015

4. La enfermedad hemorrágica viral del conejo impacta a México y amenaza al resto de Latinoamérica;Lorenzo;Therya,2020

5. National Wildlife Health Center (2024, May 20). Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus 2 Confirmed in Wild Rabbits in the United States, Available online: https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nwhc/science/wildlife-health-bulletins?qt-science_center_objects=0#qt-science_center_objects.

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