Genetic Background of Blood β-Hydroxybutyrate Acid Concentrations in Early-Lactating Holstein Dairy Cows Based on Genome-Wide Association Analyses

Author:

Wang Yueqiang123,Wang Zhenyu13ORCID,Liu Wenhui13,Xie Shuoqi13,Ren Xiaoli4,Yan Lei4,Liang Dong13,Gao Tengyun13,Fu Tong13,Zhang Zhen4,Huang Hetian13

Affiliation:

1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China

2. College of Animal Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China

3. Henan International Joint Laboratory of Nutrition Regulation and Ecological Raising of Domestic Animal, Zhengzhou 450046, China

4. Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China

Abstract

Ketosis is a common metabolic disorder in the early lactation of dairy cows. It is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in the blood. This study aimed to estimate the genetic parameters of blood BHB and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) based on the estimated breeding value. Phenotypic data were collected from December 2019 to August 2023, comprising blood BHB concentrations in 45,617 Holstein cows during the three weeks post-calving across seven dairy farms. Genotypic data were obtained using the Neogen Geneseek Genomic Profiler (GGP) Bovine 100 K SNP Chip and GGP Bovine SNP50 v3 (Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA, USA) for genotyping. The estimated heritability and repeatability values for blood BHB levels were 0.167 and 0.175, respectively. The GWAS result detected a total of ten genome-wide significant associations with blood BHB. Significant SNPs were distributed in Bos taurus autosomes (BTA) 2, 6, 9, 11, 13, and 23, with 48 annotated candidate genes. These potential genes included those associated with insulin regulation, such as INSIG2, and those linked to fatty acid metabolism, such as HADHB, HADHA, and PANK2. Enrichment analysis of the candidate genes for blood BHB revealed the molecular functions and biological processes involved in fatty acid and lipid metabolism in dairy cattle. The identification of novel genomic regions in this study contributes to the characterization of key genes and pathways that elucidate susceptibility to ketosis in dairy cattle.

Funder

Key R&D Program of Henan Provinical

Key scientific and Technological Project of Henan Provinical Education Department of China

CARS36

Publisher

MDPI AG

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