Insights into the Geographical Origins of the Cabo Verde Green Monkey

Author:

Almeida Lara123,Colmonero-Costeira Ivo1345ORCID,Silva Maria J. Ferreira da134,Veracini Cecilia6ORCID,Vasconcelos Raquel13ORCID

Affiliation:

1. CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal

2. Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal

3. BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal

4. Organisms and Environment Division, School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK

5. CIAS, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal

6. Centre of Public and Political Administration, Institute of Social and Political Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal

Abstract

The green monkey Chlorocebus sabaeus, L. 1766, native to West Africa, was introduced to the Cabo Verde Archipelago in the 16th century. Historical sources suggest that, due to the importance of Cabo Verde as a commercial entrepôt in the Atlantic slave trade, establishing the precise place of origin of this introduced species is challenging. Non-invasive fecal samples were collected from feral and captive green monkey individuals in Cabo Verde. Two mitochondrial fragments, HVRI and cyt b, were used to confirm the taxonomic identification of the species and to tentatively determine the geographic origin of introduction to the archipelago from the African continent. By comparing the new sequences of this study to previously published ones, it was shown that Cabo Verde individuals have unique haplotypes in the HVRI, while also showing affinities to several populations from north-western coastal Africa in the cyt b, suggesting probable multiple sources of introduction and an undetermined most probable origin. The latter is consistent with historical information, but may also have resulted from solely using mtDNA as a genetic marker and the dispersal characteristics of the species. The limitations of the methodology are discussed and future directions of research are suggested.

Funder

Portuguese ‘Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia

Portuguese funds

Norma Transitória

CEEC

Publisher

MDPI AG

Reference46 articles.

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4. Borloti, I., Dinis, H., and Vasconcelos, R. (2020). Bats out of Africa: Disentangling the Systematic Position and Biogeography of Bats in Cabo Verde. Genes, 11.

5. Ensaio Sobre a Statistica das Ilhas de Cabo-Verde No Mar Atlantico e suas Dependencias na Guiné Portuguesa ao Norte do Equador;Lima;Ensaios Sobre a Statistica das Possessões Portuguezas na Africa Occidental e Oriental; na Asia, Occidental; na China, e na Oceania: Escriptos de Ordem do Governo de sua Magestade Fidelissima a Senhora D. Maria II,1844

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