Morbidity and Mortality in Non-Obese Compared to Different Classes of Obesity in Patients Undergoing Transtibial Amputations

Abstract

This study assesses the effect of obesity classes on outcomes and inpatient-hospital-cost compared to non-obese individuals undergoing below-knee amputations (BKAs). Retrospective matched-case controlled study performed on data from NIS Database. We identified three groups: N-Ob (BMI < 29.9 kg/m2; n = 3104), Ob-I/II (BMI: 30 to 39.9 kg/m2; n = 3107), and Ob-III (BMI > 40; n = 3092); matched for gender, comorbidities, tobacco use and elective vs. emergent surgery. Differences in morbidity, mortality, hospital length of stay (LOS), and total inpatient cost were analyzed. Blood loss anemia was more common in Ob-III compared to Ob-I/II patients (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.1–1.4); blood transfusions were less commonly required in Ob-I/II (OR = 0.8; 95% CI = 0.7–0.9) comparatively; Ob-I/II encountered pneumonia less frequently (OR = 0.9; 95% CI = 0.4–0.9), whereas myocardial infarction was more frequent (OR = 7.0; 95% CI = 2.1–23.6) compared to N-Ob patients. Acute renal failure is more frequent in Ob-I/II (OR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.0–1.3) and Ob-III (OR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.6–1.9) compared to the N-Ob cohort. LOS was higher in N-Ob (13.1 ± 12.8 days) and Ob-III (13.5 ± 12.4 d) compared to Ob-I/II cohort (11.8 ± 10.1 d; p < 0.001). Mortality was 2.8%, 1.4%, and 2.9% (p < 0.001) for N-Ob, Ob-I/II, and Ob-III, respectively. Hospital charges were $22,025 higher in the Ob-III cohort. Ob-I/II is protective against peri-operative complications and death, whereas hospital cost is substantially higher in Ob-III patients undergoing BKAs.