Predictors of Clinically Important Improvements in Motor Function and Daily Use of Affected Arm after a Botulinum Toxin A Injection in Patients with Chronic Stroke

Abstract

Identifying patients who can gain minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in active motor function in the affected upper extremity (UE) after a botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injection for post-stroke spasticity is important. Eighty-eight participants received a BoNT-A injection in the affected UE. Two outcome measures, Fugl–Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) and Motor Activity Log (MAL), were assessed at pre-injection and after 24 rehabilitation sessions. We defined favorable response as an FMA-UE change score ≥5 or MAL change score ≥0.5.Statistical analysis revealed that the time since stroke less than 36 months (odds ratio (OR) = 4.902 (1.219–13.732); p = 0.023) was a significant predictor of gaining MCID in the FMA-UE. Medical Research Council scale -proximal UE (OR = 1.930 (1.004–3.710); p = 0.049) and post-injection duration (OR = 1.039 (1.006–1.074); p =0.021) were two significant predictors of MAL amount of use. The time since stroke less than 36 months (OR = 3.759 (1.149–12.292); p = 0.028), naivety to BoNT-A (OR = 3.322 (1.091–10.118); p = 0.035), and education years (OR = 1.282 (1.050–1.565); p = 0.015) were significant predictors of MAL quality of movement. The findings of our study can help optimize BoNT-A treatment planning.