A Two-Party Quantum Parliament

Abstract

This paper introduces the first functional model of a quantum parliament that is dominated by two parties or coalitions, and may or may not contain independent legislators. We identify a single crucial parameter, aptly named free will radius, which can be used as a practical measure of the quantumness of the parties and the parliament as a whole. The free will radius used by the two parties determines the degree of independence that is afforded to the representatives of the parties. Setting the free will radius to zero degrades the quantum parliament to a classical one. On the other hand, setting the free will radius to its maximum value 1 makes the representatives totally independent. Moreover, we present a quantum circuit in Qiskit with which we simulate the operation of the quantum parliament under various scenarios. The experimental results allow us to arrive at some novel and fundamental conclusions that, we believe, provide new insights into the operation and the traits of a possible future quantum parliament. Finally, we propose the game “Passing the Bill,” which captures the operation of the quantum parliament and basic options available to the leadership of the two parties.