Information in Streetscapes—Research on Visual Perception Information Quantity of Street Space Based on Information Entropy and Machine Learning

Abstract

Urban street space is a critical reflection of a city’s vitality and image and a critical component of urban planning. While visual perceptual information about an urban street space can reflect the composition of place elements and spatial relationships, it lacks a unified and comprehensive quantification system. It is frequently presented in the form of element proportions without accounting for realistic factors, such as occlusion, light and shadow, and materials, making it difficult for the data to accurately describe the complex information found in real scenes. The conclusions of related studies are insufficiently focused to serve as a guide for designing solutions, remaining merely theoretical paradigms. As such, this study employed semantic segmentation and information entropy models to generate four visual perceptual information quantity (VPIQ) measures of street space: (1) form; (2) line; (3) texture; and (4) color. Then, at the macro level, the streetscape coefficient of variation (SCV) and K-means cluster entropy (HCK) were proposed to quantify the street’s spatial variation characteristics based on VPIQ. Additionally, we used geographically weighted regression (GWR) to investigate the relationship between VPIQ and street elements at the meso level as well as its practical application. This method can accurately and objectively describe and detect the current state of street spaces, assisting urban planners and decision-makers in making decisions about planning policies, urban regeneration schemes, and how to manage the street environment.