Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for Sustainable Oil and Gas Infrastructure Decommissioning: A Systematic Review of Criteria Involved in the Process

Abstract

The decommissioning of oil and gas (O&G, hereafter) facilities presents complex challenges when addressing the diverse needs of stakeholders. By synthesizing information from previous Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA, hereafter) studies on decommissioning projects, this study aims to do the following: (a) formulate a structured set of criteria adaptable to MCDA for both offshore and onshore O&G decommissioning, (b) identify and analyze the evolving trends and regional disparities in MCDA for decommissioning, and (c) explore current O&G onshore decommissioning procedures and map specific criteria to these processes. Following a systematic literature review approach, this study analyzed 63 references across four stages from 2006 to 2024 and identified 158 criteria. These criteria were consolidated into a framework of 22 factors across dimensions comprising technical, environmental, societal, financial, health and safety considerations, and additional concerns from stakeholders. This study observed a significant focus shift from technical aspects to environmental considerations in decommissioning practices from 2011 onwards, reflecting growing awareness of sustainability. It also revealed regional differences, such as the technical emphasis in the North Sea and environmental concerns in Australia. Furthermore, this study refined O&G onshore decommissioning procedures and identified criteria gaps for further research, particularly in societal impact regarding public resource availability, recreational opportunities, and operating company reputation. The study provides a robust foundation for the development of future MCDA frameworks tailored to O&G infrastructure decommissioning projects, thus supporting long-term environmental and social sustainability.