Accumulation of Uroporphyrin I in Necrotic Tissues of Squamous Cell Carcinoma after Administration of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid

Abstract

5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence is widely used for the intraoperative detection of malignant tumors. However, the fluorescence emission profiles of the accompanying necrotic regions of these tumors have yet to be determined. To address this, we performed fluorescence and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses of necrotic tissues of squamous cancer after 5-ALA administration. In resected human lymph nodes of metastatic squamous cell carcinoma, we found a fluorescence peak at approximately 620 nm in necrotic lesions, which was distinct from the PpIX fluorescence peak at 635 nm for viable cancer lesions. Necrotic lesions obtained from a subcutaneous xenograft model of human B88 oral squamous cancer also emitted the characteristic fluorescence peak at 620 nm after light irradiation: the fluorescence intensity ratio (620 nm/635 nm) increased with the energy of the irradiation light. HPLC analysis revealed a high content ratio of uroporphyrin I (UPI)/total porphyrins in the necrotic cores of murine tumors, indicating that UPI is responsible for the 620 nm peak. UPI accumulation in necrotic tissues after 5-ALA administration was possibly due to the failure of the heme biosynthetic pathway. Taken together, fluorescence imaging of UPI after 5-ALA administration may be applicable for the evaluation of tumor necrosis.