The Effects of Lipoic Acid on Yolk Nutrient Utilization, Energy Metabolism, and Redox Balance over Time in Artemia sp.

Author:

Buitrago Ramírez Juan Rafael12,Marreiro Gomes Robson Matheus12ORCID,de Sousa Araujo Alan Carvalho12ORCID,Muñoz Buitrago Sonia Astrid12,Piraine Souza Jean12,Monserrat José María123ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Programa de Pós Graduação em Aquicultura, Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil

2. Laboratório de Bioquímica Funcional de Organismos Aquáticos (BIFOA), Instituto de Oceanografia (IO), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande—FURG, Rua do Hotel, n° 2, Cassino, Rio Grande 96210-030, RS, Brazil

3. Instituto of Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande—FURG, Av. Itália, Km 08, Rio Grande 96201-900, RS, Brazil

Abstract

Lipoic acid (LA) is a mitochondrial coenzyme that, depending on the concentration and exposure time, can behave as an antioxidant or pro-oxidant agent and has a proven ability to modulate metabolism by promoting lipid and glucose oxidation for energy production. To assess the effects of LA on energy metabolism and redox balance over time, Artemia sp. nauplii was used as an animal model. The administered concentrations of the antioxidant were 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 µM. Therefore, possible differences in protein, triglyceride, glucose, and lactate concentrations in the artemia samples and total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) in the culture water were evaluated. We also measured the effects of LA on in vivo activity of the electron transport system (ETS), antioxidant capacity, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 6, 12, 18, and 24 h post-hatching. There was a decrease in glucose concentration in the LA-treated animals, and a decrease in ammonia production was observed in the 0.5 µM LA treatment. ETS activity was positively regulated by the addition of LA, with the most significant effects at concentrations of 5.0 and 10.0 µM at 12 and 24 h. For ETS activity, treatments with LA presented the highest values at 24 h, a period when ROS production decreased significantly, for the treatment with 10.0 µM. LA showed positive regulation of energy metabolism together with a decrease in ROS and TAN excretion.

Funder

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

CNPq

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cell Biology,Clinical Biochemistry,Molecular Biology,Biochemistry,Physiology

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