The Chemical Variability, Nutraceutical Value, and Food-Industry and Cosmetic Applications of Citrus Plants: A Critical Review

Author:

Ben Hsouna Anis12ORCID,Sadaka Carmen3ORCID,Generalić Mekinić Ivana4ORCID,Garzoli Stefania5ORCID,Švarc-Gajić Jaroslava6ORCID,Rodrigues Francisca7ORCID,Morais Simone7ORCID,Moreira Manuela M.7ORCID,Ferreira Eduarda7,Spigno Giorgia8ORCID,Brezo-Borjan Tanja6ORCID,Akacha Boutheina Ben1ORCID,Saad Rania Ben1,Delerue-Matos Cristina7ORCID,Mnif Wissem9ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Laboratory of Biotechnology and Plant Improvement, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P “1177”, Sfax 3018, Tunisia

2. Department of Environmental Sciences and Nutrition, Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Mahdia, University of Monastir, Monastir 5000, Tunisia

3. Madison, WI 53704, USA

4. Department of Food Technology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, R. Boškovića 35, HR-21000 Split, Croatia

5. Department of Chemistry and Technologies of Drug, Sapienza University, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy

6. Faculty of Technology, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia

7. REQUIMTE-LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 431, 4249-015 Porto, Portugal

8. DiSTAS, Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy

9. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences at Bisha, University of Bisha, P.O. Box 199, Bisha 61922, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Citrus fruits occupy an important position in the context of the fruit trade, considering that both fresh fruits and processed products are produced on a large scale. Citrus fruits are recognized as an essential component of the human diet, thanks to their high content of beneficial nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, terpenes, flavonoids, coumarins and dietary fibers. Among these, a wide range of positive biological activities are attributed to terpenes and flavonoids derivatives. In this review, a list of bibliographic reports (from 2015 onwards) on the phytochemical composition, beneficial effects and potential applications of citrus fruits and their by-products is systematically summarized. In detail, information regarding the nutraceutical and medicinal value closely linked to the presence of numerous bioactive metabolites and their growing use in the food industry and food packaging, also considering any technological strategies such as encapsulation to guarantee their stability over time, were evaluated. In addition, since citrus fruit, as well as its by-products, are interesting alternatives for the reformulation of natural cosmetic products, the sector of the cosmetic industry is also explored. More in-depth knowledge of the latest information in this field will contribute to future conscious use of citrus fruits.

Funder

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior

Deanship of Scientific Research at University of Bisha

European Union under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan

Publisher

MDPI AG

Subject

Cell Biology,Clinical Biochemistry,Molecular Biology,Biochemistry,Physiology

Reference216 articles.

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3. Berk, Z. (2016). Citrus Fruit Processing, Academic Press.

4. Converting citrus wastes into value-added products: Economic and environmently friendly approaches;Sharma;Nutrition,2017

5. USDA (2023, February 10). Citrus: World Markets and Trade, Available online: https://www.fas.usda.gov/data/citrus-world-markets-and-trade.

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