Comparative Studies on Nanocellulose as a Bio-Based Consolidating Agent for Ancient Wood

Author:

Fornari Anastasia12ORCID,Rocco Daniele1,Mattiello Leonardo1ORCID,Bortolami Martina1ORCID,Rossi Marco1ORCID,Bergamonti Laura3ORCID,Graiff Claudia3ORCID,Bani Stefania4,Morresi Fabio4,Pandolfi Fabiana4

Affiliation:

1. Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Via Antonio Scarpa 16, 00161 Rome, Italy

2. Nanoshare S.r.l., Via Foscolo 24, 00185 Rome, Italy

3. Department of Chemistry, Life Science and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy

4. Vatican Museums, Cabinet of Scientific Research Applied to Cultural Heritage, 00120 Vatican City, Vatican City State

Abstract

In this work, nanocellulose aqueous dispersions were studied as a bio-inspired consolidating agent for the recovery and conservation of ancient wood and compared with two of the most used traditional consolidants: the synthetic resins Paraloid B-72 and Regalrez 1126. The morphology of crystalline nanocellulose (CNC), determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), presents with a rod-like shape, with a size ranging between 15 and 30 nm in width. Chemical characterization performed using the Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) technique provides information on surface modifications, in this case, demonstrating the presence of only the characteristic peaks of nanocellulose. Moreover, conductometric, pH, and dry matter measurements were carried out, showing also in this case values perfectly conforming to what is found in the literature. The treated wood samples were observed under an optical microscope in reflected light and under a scanning electron microscope to determine, respectively, the damage caused by xylophages and the morphology of the treated surfaces. The images acquired show the greater similarity of the surfaces treated with nanocellulose to untreated wood, compared with other consolidating agents. Finally, a colorimetric analysis of these samples was also carried out before and after a first consolidation treatment, and after a second treatment carried out on the same samples three years later. The samples treated with CNC appeared very homogeneous and uniform, without alterations in their final color appearance, compared to other traditional synthetic products.

Funder

Italian Ministry for Education, Universities, and Research

Sapienza University of Rome

Regione Lazio

Nanoshare S.r.l

Publisher

MDPI AG

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