Seed Dormancy Dynamics and Germination Characteristics of Malva parviflora L.

Author:

Dawar Rakesh1ORCID,Yalamalle Vishwanath Rohidas2ORCID,Bana Ram Swaroop1ORCID,Kaur Ramanjit1,Shivay Yashbir Singh1ORCID,Choudhary Anil K.13ORCID,Singh Teekam1,Meena Samrath Lal1,Vijay Dunna2ORCID,Vijayakumar H. P.2,Kumar Vipin14,Yadav Achchhelal5

Affiliation:

1. Division of Agronomy, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India

2. Division of Seed Science and Technology, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India

3. Division of Crop Production, ICAR—Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India

4. Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915, USA

5. Division of Agricultural Physics, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India

Abstract

Little mallow (Malva parviflora L.) is a notorious weed that causes substantial yield losses in winter crops. For effective weed management and seed testing, a deeper understanding of seed dormancy, germination behavior, and dormancy-breaking methods is necessary. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of seed treatments, i.e., mechanical scarification, acid scarification, hot water treatment, and different germinating temperatures, i.e., 15 °C, 20 °C, or alternating 15–20 °C (16/8 h), on the seed dormancy in M.parviflora. A large proportion of M. parviflora seeds were physically dormant, with just 10.90% germination. Seed treatments had a significant influence on seed germination, seedling dry weight, vigor index, and water absorption (p ≤ 0.01). Among the various treatments, mechanical scarification enhanced germination by 32%, the vigor index by 487% and water uptake by 34%, and decreased percent hard seeds by 34%. Among the various germination temperatures, alternating 15–20 °C temperatures (16/8 h) gave the most significant result for germination and the lowest percent hard seeds. The findings of this study will serve as a valuable reference for seed testing and the development of suitable weed control strategies for M. parviflora.

Publisher

MDPI AG

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