Differences in CO2 Emissions on a Bare-Drained Peat Area in Sarawak, Malaysia, Based on Different Measurement Techniques
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Published:2023-03-05
Issue:3
Volume:13
Page:622
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ISSN:2077-0472
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Container-title:Agriculture
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language:en
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Short-container-title:Agriculture
Author:
Mos Hasimah12, Harun Mohd Haniff3, Jantan Nur Maisarah1, Hashim Zulkifli1, Ibrahim Anis Suriani4, Yusup Yusri25ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Malaysian Palm Oil Board, No. 6, Persiaran Institusi Bandar Baru Bangi, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia 2. Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia 3. Independent Researcher, Bangi 43000, Selangor, Malaysia 4. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Sg. Chuchuh, Arau, Jalan Wang Ulu, Kangar 01000, Perlis, Malaysia 5. Renewable Biomass Transformation Cluster, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11800, Malaysia
Abstract
The drainage and cultivation of peatlands will lead to subsidence and mineralisation of organic matter, increasing carbon (C) loss as more CO2 is emitted. There is little information about carbon emissions from bare peat soil. A study was undertaken to measure the CO2 emissions from a logged-over peat swamp area that was purposely vegetation-free. We aimed to report CO2 emissions from a bare, drained peatland developed for an oil palm plantation. For 12 months, we used eddy covariance (EC), closed chambers, and soil subsidence measurements to derive CO2 emissions from a logged-over peat swamp area. Significant variations in the estimated soil CO2 efflux were observed in the three tested measurement techniques. The average CO2 flux rate measured by the EC technique was 4.94 ± 0.12 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 (or 68.55 tonnes CO2 ha−1 year−1). Meanwhile, the soil CO2 efflux rate measured by the closed chamber technique was 4.19 ± 0.22 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1 (or 58.14 tonnes CO2 ha−1 year−1). Subsidence amounted to 1.9 cm year−1, corresponding to 36.12 tonnes CO2 ha−1 year−1. The estimation of the C loss was found to be highest by the EC technique, lower by the soil chamber technique, and lowest by the peat subsidence rate technique. The higher CO2 emission rate observed in the EC technique could be attributed to soil microbial respiration and decomposing woody residues in the nearby stacking rows due to the large EC footprint. It could also be affected by CO2 advection from oil palms adjacent to the study site. Despite the large differences in the CO2 emission rates by the different techniques, this study provides valuable information on the soil heterotrophic respiration of deep peat in Sarawak. Carbon emissions from a bare peat area cover only a fraction of the soil CO2 respiration component, i.e., the soil heterotrophic respiration. Further investigations are needed to determine the CO2 emissions by soil microbial activities and plant roots from other peat areas in Sarawak.
Funder
Ministry of Education Malaysia, Malaysian Research University Network Long-Term Research Grant Scheme Malaysian Palm Oil Board Research Creativity and Management Office, Universiti Sains Malaysia and the School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia
Subject
Plant Science,Agronomy and Crop Science,Food Science
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