Nanotechnology as a Promising Tool against Phytopathogens: A Futuristic Approach to Agriculture

Abstract

It is crucial to increase agricultural yields to fulfill the rising demand for food and the security it provides for a growing population. To protect human food supplies and agricultural outputs, disease management is essential. Plant infections are a silent enemy of economic crop production and cross-border commerce of agricultural goods, inflicting roughly 20–30% losses a year. If infections are accurately and rapidly detected and identified, this can be minimized, and specialized treatment can be given. The current methods of preventing plant diseases are utterly dependent on agrochemicals, which have adverse effects on the ecosystem. By improving their solubility, lengthening their shelf life, and lowering their toxicity, nanotechnology can help reduce the harmful effects of pesticides and fungicides in a sustainable and environmentally responsible way. Engineered nanoparticles can be used to control plant diseases either by using the nanoparticle itself or as a carrier for fungicides and antibiotics. Regardless of the many prospective benefits of using nanoparticles, few nanoparticle-based products have been made commercially available for use in more widespread applications. For rapid and accurate spotting of plant diseases, the combination of nanotechnology systems with molecular diagnostics acts as an alternative where the detection may be taken in on a portable miniaturized appliance. By minimizing the application of chemicals and adopting quick identification of infections, nanotechnology might sustainably minimize many issues in disease control. This review outlines the tools and techniques used in the diagnosis of plant diseases and their management and explains how nanotechnology works, along with the current tools and their prospects for the future of plant protection.