Preparation of Graphene Oxide Hydrogels and Their Adsorption Applications toward Various Heavy Metal Ions in Aqueous Media

Abstract

Graphene oxide is a two-dimensional material that has been extensively studied in various fields due to its good mechanical properties, water dispersibility, and a large number of oxygen-containing functionalities on its surface. In this study, graphene oxide powder was prepared using graphite powder to take advantage of its large specific surface area and abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups. The graphene oxide powder was cross-linked with acrylic acid and acrylamide and polymerized to produce graphene oxide hydrogels, which were used to adsorb four metal ions including Cu(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) from aqueous solutions. The adsorption performance of the graphene oxide hydrogels was investigated at different pHs, temperatures, initial metal ion concentrations, and competition principles, as well as their adsorption and desorption after three repeated adsorption–desorption experiments. It was found that the graphene oxide hydrogels exhibited good adsorption performance for all four metal ions under different conditions. The graphene oxide hydrogels for the adsorption of Cu(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) ions were best fitted using the Langmuir monolayer adsorption model and the quasi-secondary reaction kinetic model. Good adsorption was achieved for all four metal ions under different competing adsorption principles. After three adsorption–desorption cycles, the adsorption capacity of the graphene oxide hydrogels for all four metal ions remained at 88% and above. These results indicate that graphene oxide hydrogels are a stable, efficient, low-cost, and reusable adsorbent material for the treatment of metal ions in solution.