Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea during Pregnancy on Fetal Development: Gene Expression Profile of Cord Blood

Author:

Cànaves-Gómez Laura1,Fleischer Aarne12,Muncunill-Farreny Josep12,Gimenez María Paloma1,Álvarez Ruiz De Larrinaga Ainhoa34,Sánchez Baron Andrés5,Codina Marcet Mercedes6,De-La-Peña Mónica1789,Morell-Garcia Daniel110,Peña Zarza José111,Piñas Zebrian Concepción17,García Fernández Susana17,Alonso Alberto1789

Affiliation:

1. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain

2. Genomic & Bioinformatics Platform, IdISBa, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain

3. Hospital Universitario de Araba, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

4. Departamento de Neurociencias, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Bioaraba, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

5. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain

6. Servicio de Endocrinología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain

7. Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain

8. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain

9. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain

10. Servicio de Análisis Clínicos, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain

11. Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, 07120 Palma de Mallorca, Spain

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is quite prevalent during pregnancy and is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, but its potential influence on fetal development remains unclear. This study investigated maternal OSA impact on the fetus by analyzing gene expression profiles in whole cord blood (WCB). Ten women in the third trimester of pregnancy were included, five OSA and five non-OSA cases. WCB RNA expression was analyzed by microarray technology to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) under OSA conditions. After data normalization, 3238 genes showed significant differential expression under OSA conditions, with 2690 upregulated genes and 548 downregulated genes. Functional enrichment was conducted using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) applied to Gene Ontology annotations. Key biological processes involved in OSA were identified, including response to oxidative stress and hypoxia, apoptosis, insulin response and secretion, and placental development. Moreover, DEGs were confirmed through qPCR analyses in additional WCB samples (7 with OSA and 13 without OSA). This highlighted differential expression of several genes in OSA (EGR1, PFN1 and PRKAR1A), with distinct gene expression profiles observed during rapid eye movement (REM)-OSA in pregnancy (PFN1, UBA52, EGR1, STX4, MYC, JUNB, and MAPKAP). These findings suggest that OSA, particularly during REM sleep, may negatively impact various biological processes during fetal development.

Funder

Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad

Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades

Publisher

MDPI AG

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