Neuroprotective and Mental Health Benefits of Salt-Tolerant Plants: A Comprehensive Review of Traditional Uses and Biological Properties

Abstract

This study undertakes a thorough review of the ethnomedicinal properties of salt-tolerant plants and their potential to treat neurological disorders and enhance mental health. Aimed at bridging the gap between historical knowledge and contemporary scientific validation, our research meticulously evaluates both the traditional uses and the existing scientific evidence supporting the neuroprotective effects of these plants, leveraging in vitro and in vivo experimental findings. Through a comprehensive search of articles from 2001 to December 2023 across scientific databases, we identified sixteen species across nine plant families with demonstrated in vitro neuroprotective properties. Among these, the Chenopodiaceae and Juncaceae families emerged as the most represented, including plants such as Salicornia sp., Juncus sp., and Limonium sp., primarily recognized for their cholinesterase inhibitory activity. However, a notable disparity exists between traditional applications and scientific examination, with only six species undergoing in vivo testing. This discrepancy underscores the imperative for future research to delve deeper into validating traditional uses and elucidating the mechanisms underlying neuroprotection. Our findings highlight the need for research on salt-tolerant plants traditionally used for neurological benefits. Key steps include systematic screening, identification of active compounds through bioassay-guided fractionation, and in vivo testing. Integrating traditional knowledge with modern pharmacology, while emphasizing sustainable and ethical approaches, is essential for advancing neuroprotective drug discovery.