Prefab Hollow Glass Microsphere-Based Immunosensor with Liquid Crystal Sensitization for Acute Myocardial Infarction Biomarker Detection

Abstract

Quantitative detection of cardiac troponin biomarkers in blood is an important method for clinical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this work, a whispering gallery mode (WGM) microcavity immunosensor based on a prefab hollow glass microsphere (HGMS) with liquid crystal (LC) sensitization was proposed and experimentally demonstrated for label-free cardiac troponin I-C (cTnI-C) complex detection. The proposed fiber-optic immunosensor has a simple structure; the tiny modified HGMS serves as the key sensing element and the microsample reservoir simultaneously. A sensitive LC layer with cTnI-C recognition ability was deposited on the inner wall of the HGMS microcavity. The arrangement of LC molecules is affected by the cTnI-C antigen—antibody binding in the HGMS, and the small change of the surface refractive index caused by the binding can be amplified owing to the birefringence property of LC. Using the annular waveguide of the HGMS, the WGMs were easily excited by the coupling scanning laser with a microfiber, and an all-fiber cTnI-C immunosensor can be achieved by measuring the resonant wavelength shift of the WGM spectrum. Moreover, the dynamic processes of the cTnI-C antigen—antibody binding and unbinding was revealed by monitoring the wavelength shift continuously. The proposed immunosensor with a spherical microcavity can be a cost-effective tool for AMI diagnosis.