Numerical Analysis of Azimuth Propulsor Performance in Seaways: Influence of Oblique Inflow and Free Surface

Abstract

In the present work, a generic ducted azimuth propulsor, which are frequently installed on a wide range of vessels, is subject to numerical investigation with the primary focus on performance deterioration and dynamic loads arising from the influence of oblique inflow and the presence of free surface. An unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) method with the interface Sliding Mesh technique is employed to resolve interaction between the propulsor components. The VOF formulation is used to resolve the presence of free surface. Numerical simulations are performed, separately, in single-phase fluid to address the influence of oblique inflow on the characteristics of a propulsor operating in free-sailing, trawling and bollard conditions, and in multi-phase flow to address the influence of propulsor submergence. Detailed comparisons with experimental data are presented for the case of a propulsor in oblique flow conditions, including integral propulsor characteristics, loads on propulsor components and single blade loads. The results of the study illustrate the differences in propulsor performance at positive and negative heading angles, reveal the frequencies of dynamic load peaks, and provide quantification of thrust losses due to the effect of a free surface without waves. The mechanisms of ventilation inception found at different propulsor loading conditions are discussed.