Association between Dietary Patterns and All-Cause Mortality in the Chinese Old: Analysis of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey Cohort

Abstract

Diet is one of the most important ways to intervene and promote the health of older adults and reduce all-cause mortality. This study aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and all-cause mortality in the Chinese old. This study involved 11,958 subjects aged 65–116 years in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2008 to 2018. Dietary patterns were derived from principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation. Four dietary patterns were derived: the ‘milk–egg–sugar pattern’, ‘carnivorous pattern’, ‘healthy pattern’, and ‘northeastern pattern’. Cox proportional hazard models were built for males and females separately to estimate the relationship between different dietary patterns and all-cause mortality. After adjusting for all covariates, the milk–egg–sugar pattern played a reverse role in mortality risk in males and females in different quartiles. In the carnivorous pattern, only males in the fourth quartile were observed to have a significantly reduced mortality risk (HR = 0.84 (95% CI: 0.77–0.93)). Both genders benefited from the healthy pattern, which consistently lowered mortality risk across all quartiles (males: HR = 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84–0.89); females: HR = 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.97)). The northeastern pattern also showed an inverse association with all-cause mortality in males (HR = 0.94 (95% CI: 0.92–0.97)) and females (HR = 0.96 (95% CI: 0.93–0.98)). This study showed the association between dietary patterns and all-cause mortality in the Chinese old, which is significant for further quantitative studies.