Ecological Risk Assessment and Source Contributions of Heavy Metals in the Sediment of the Chan Thnal Reservoir, Kampong Speu, Cambodia
Author:
Chheang Lita1ORCID, Limsuwan Pichet2, Thongkon Nisakorn1ORCID, Sriwiriyarat Tongchai3, Thanasupsin Sudtida Pliankarom4ORCID
Affiliation:
1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand 2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand 3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Burapha University, Chonburi 20131, Thailand 4. Chemistry for Green Society and Healthy Living Research Unit, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
Abstract
Metal contamination from farming, inadequate wastewater treatment, and poor disposal of municipal garbage are major threats to public health. This research aimed to (1) assess the extent of heavy metal contamination in sediment samples, (2) describe the distribution of heavy metals by locating likely pollution sources using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, and (3) quantify the potential ecological consequences associated with these metals at six different places around the Chan Thnal Reservoir. The findings indicated steady degradation and suggested moderate to high metal contamination. Fe > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Co > As > Mn > Cd was the trend of metal concentrations in the sediment. Various soil pollution indices showed that most of the studied sediment samples were clean, moderately clean, or slightly contaminated. However, Co and Cd reached high-risk conditions posing a severe problem to the local population living in and around the Chan Thnal Reservoir. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to estimate primary factors in PMF analysis. It was found that the contamination of As, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb originated from agricultural and traffic vehicle sources; however, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cr, and Cu were derived from natural sources (e.g., atmospheric deposition and compost amendment). Furthermore, Fe, Cd, Mn, Co, Pb, and Cr were generated from urban and industrial sources (metal coatings, plastic burning, wastewater irrigation, and sewage sludge). Accordingly, this research improves our knowledge of the prevalence of heavy metal pollution in agroecosystems, which may be used to foresee and mitigate the risks of heavy metal exposure to humans and other organisms.
Funder
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi Petchra Pra Jom Klao Ph.D. research scholarship
Subject
Water Science and Technology,Aquatic Science,Geography, Planning and Development,Biochemistry
Reference59 articles.
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